Efek
dari Psikotropika
Zat
atau obat psikotropika ini dapat menurunkan aktivitas otak atau merangsang
susunan syaraf pusat dan menimbulkan kelainan perilaku, disertai dengan
timbulnyahalusinasi (mengkhayal),ilusi, gangguan cara berpikir, perubahan
alam perasaan dan dapatmenyebabkan ketergantungan serta mempunyai efek stimulasi(merangsang)
bagi para pemakainya. Pemakaian Psikotropika yang berlangsung lama tanpa
pengawasan dan pembatasan pejabatkesehatan dapat menimbulkan dampak yang lebih
buruk, tidak saja menyebabkanketergantungan bahkan juga menimbulkan berbagai
macam penyakit serta kelainan fisik maupun psikis si pemakai, tidak jarang
bahkan menimbulkan kematian
Jenis
Psikotropika
Psikotropika
dibedakan menjadi 4 golongan, yaitu:
1.
Psikotropika yang tidak digunakan
untuk tujuan pengobatan dengan potensiketergantungan yang sangat kuat, contoh:
LSD, MDMA dan mascalin.
2.
Psikotropika yang berkhasiat terapi
tetapi dapat menimbulkan ketergantungan sepertiamfetamin.
3.
Psikotropika dari kelompok hipnotik
sedatif, seperti barbiturat. Efek ketergantungannyasedang.
4.
Psikotropika yang efek
ketergantungannya ringan, seperti diazepam, nitrazepam.
Jenis–jenis
narkoba yang termasuk Psikotropika:
-Ekstasi -Sabu-sabu
Golongan
Psikotropika
Psikotropika
yang mempunyai potensi mengakibatkan sindroma ketergantungan digolongkan
menjadi4 golongan, yaitu:
1.
Psikotropika golongan I : yaitu
psikotropika yang tidak digunakan untuk tujuan pengobatan dengan potensi
ketergantungan yang sangat kuat
2.
Psikotropika golongan II :
yaitu psikotropika yang berkhasiat terapi tetapi dapat menimbulkan
ketergantungan.
3.
Psikotropika golongan III :
yaitu psikotropika dengan efek ketergantungannya sedang dari kelompok hipnotik
sedatif.
4.
Psikotropika golongan IV :
yaitu psikotropika yang efek ketergantungannya ringan.
Berdasarkan
Konvensi Perserikatan Bangsa Bangsa tentang pemberantasan peredaran narkotika
dan psikotropika, tahun 1988 tersebut maka psikotropika dapat digolongkan
sebagai berikut : (didahului dengan nama International dan nama kimia
diletakkan dalam tanda kurung)
Psikotropika golongan I
§ Broloamfetamine atau DOB
((±)-4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-alpha-methylphenethylamine)
§ Cathinone ((x)-(S)-2-aminopropiophenone)
§ DET (3-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]indole)
§ DMA ( (±)-2,5-dimethoxy-alpha-methylphenethylamine )
§ DMHP (
3-(1,2-dimethylheptyl)-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl-6H-
dibenzo[b,d]pyran-1-olo )
§ DMT ( 3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]indole)
§ DOET ( (±)-4-ethyl-2,5-dimethoxy-alpha-phenethylamine)
§ Eticyclidine – PCE ( N-ethyl-1-phenylcyclohexylamine )
§ Etrytamine ( 3-(2-aminobutyl)indole )
§ Lysergide – LSD, LSD-25
(9,10-didehydro-N,N-diethyl-6-methylergoline-8beta-carboxamide)
§ MDMA ((±)-N,alpha-dimethyl-3,4-(methylene-dioxy)phenethylamine)
§ Mescaline (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine)
§ Methcathinone ( 2-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropan-1-one )
§ 4-methylaminorex (
(±)-cis-2-amino-4-methyl-5-phenyl-2-oxazoline )
§ MMDA (2-methoxy-alpha-methyl-4,5-(methylenedioxy)phenethylamine)
§ N-ethyl MDA
((±)-N-ethyl-alpha-methyl-3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenethylamine)
§ N-hydroxy MDA
((±)-N-[alpha-methyl-3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenethyl]hydroxylamine)
§ Parahexyl
(3-hexyl-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-1-ol)
§ PMA (p-methoxy-alpha-methylphenethylamine)
§ Psilocine, psilotsin (3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl] indol-4-ol)
§ Psilocybine (3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]indol-4-yl dihydrogen
phosphate)
§ Rolicyclidine – PHP,PCPY ( 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)pyrrolidine
)
§ STP, DOM (2,5-dimethoxy-alpha,4-dimethylphenethylamine)
§ Tenamfetamine – MDA
(alpha-methyl-3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenethylamine)
§ Tenocyclidine – TCP (1-[1-(2-thienyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine)
§ Tetrahydrocannabinol
§ TMA ((±)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-alpha-methylphenethylamine)
Psikotropika golongan II
§ Amphetamine ((±)-alpha-methylphenethylamine)
§ Dexamphetamine ((+)-alpha-methylphenethylamine)
§ Fenetylline (7-[2-[(alpha-methylphenethyl)amino]
ethyl]theophylline)
§ Levamphetamine ((x)-(R)-alpha-methylphenethylamine)
§ Levomethampheta-mine ((x)-N,alpha-dimethylphenethylamine)
§ Mecloqualone (3-(o-chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-4(3H)-
quinazolinone)
§ Methamphetamine ((+)-(S)-N,alpha-dimethylphenethylamine)
§ Methamphetamineracemate ((±)-N,alpha-dimethylphenethylamine)
§ Methaqualone (2-methyl-3-o-tolyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone)
§ Methylphenidate (Methyl alpha-phenyl-2-piperidineacetate)
§ Phencyclidine – PCP (1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine)
§ Phenmetrazine (3-methyl-2-phenylmorpholine)
§ Secobarbital (5-allyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)barbituric acid)
§ Dronabinol atau delta-9-tetrahydro-cannabinol
((6aR,10aR)-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl pentyl-6H-
dibenzo[b,d]pyran-1-ol)
§ Zipeprol
(alpha-(alpha-methoxybenzyl)-4-(beta-methoxyphenethyl)-1-piperazineethanol)
Psikotropika golongan III
§ Amobarbital (5-ethyl-5-isopentylbarbituric acid)
§ Buprenorphine
(2l-cyclopropyl-7-alpha-[(S)-1-hydroxy-1,2,2-trimethylpropyl]-6,14-
endo-ethano 6,7,8,14-tetrahydrooripavine)
§ Butalbital (5-allyl-5-isobutylbarbituric acid)
§ Cathine / norpseudo-ephedrine ((+)-(R)-alpha-[(R)-1-aminoethyl]benzyl
alcohol)
§ Cyclobarbital (5-(1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-5-ethylbarbituric acid)
§ Flunitrazepam
(5-(o-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-7-nitro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one)
§ Glutethimide (2-ethyl-2-phenylglutarimide)
§ Pentazocine ((2R*,6R*,11R*)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-6,11-dimethyl-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-2,6-methano-3-benzazocin-8-ol)
§ Pentobarbital (5-ethyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)barbituric
acid)
Psikotropika golongan IV
§ Allobarbital (5,5-diallylbarbituric acid)
§ Alprazolam
(8-chloro-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4H-s-triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine)
§ Amfepramone (diethylpropion 2-(diethylamino)propiophenone)
§ Aminorex (2-amino-5-phenyl-2-oxazoline)
§ Barbital (5,5-diethylbarbituric acid)
§ Benzfetamine (N-benzyl-N,alpha-dimethylphenethylamine)
§ Bromazepam
(7-bromo-1,3-dihydro-5-(2-pyridyl)-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one)
§ Butobarbital (5-butyl-5-ethylbarbituric acid)
§ Brotizolam
(2-bromo-4-(o-chlorophenyl)-9-methyl-6H-thieno[3,2-f]-s-triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepine)
§ Camazepam (7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-1-methyl-5-phenyl-2H-1,4
benzodiazepin-2-one dimethylcarbamate (ester))
§ Chlordiazepoxide
(7-chloro-2-(methylamino)-5-phenyl-3H-1,4-benzodiazepine-4-oxide)
§ Clobazam
(7-chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione)
§ Clonazepam
(5-(o-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-7-nitro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one)
§ Clorazepate
(7-chloro-2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-5-phenyl-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-3-carboxylic acid)
§ Clotiazepam
(5-(o-chlorophenyl)-7-ethyl-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-2H-thieno [2,3-e] -1,4-diazepin-2-one)
§ Cloxazolam
(10-chloro-11b-(o-chlorophenyl)-2,3,7,11b-tetrahydro-oxazolo-
[3,2-d][1,4]benzodiazepin-6(5H)-one)
§ Delorazepam
(7-chloro-5-(o-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one)
§ Diazepam (7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one)
§ Estazolam
(8-chloro-6-phenyl-4H-s-triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine)
§ Ethchlorvynol (1-chloro-3-ethyl-1-penten-4-yn-3-ol)
§ Ethinamate (1-ethynylcyclohexanolcarbamate)
§ Ethyl loflazepate (ethyl
7-chloro-5-(o-fluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-3-carboxylate)
§ Etil Amfetamine / N-ethylampetamine
(N-ethyl-alpha-methylphenethylamine)
§ Fencamfamin (N-ethyl-3-phenyl-2-norborananamine)
§ Fenproporex ((±)-3-[(alpha-methylphenylethyl)amino]propionitrile)
§ Fludiazepam
(7-chloro-5-(o-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one)
§ Flurazepam
(7-chloro-1-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-5-(o-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one)
§ Halazepam (7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-5-phenyl-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one)
§ Haloxazolam
(10-bromo-11b-(o-fluorophenyl)-2,3,7,11b-tetrahydrooxazolo
[3,2-d][1,4]benzodiazepin-6(5H)-one)
§ Ketazolam
(11-chloro-8,12b-dihydro-2,8-dimethyl-12b-phenyl-4H-[1,3]oxazino[3,2-d][1,4]benzodiazepine-4,7(6H)-dione)
§ Lefetamine – SPA ((x)-N,N-dimethyl-1,2-diphenylethylamine)
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